Financial Statements and Business Decisions

Chapter 01
Financial Statements and Business Decisions

True / False Questions

1. Accounting is a system that collects and processes financial information about an organization and reports that information to decision makers.
True False

2. Assets on the balance sheet are recorded at market value or replacement cost.
True False

3. In accounting and reporting for a business entity, the accounting and reporting for the business must be kept separate from other economic affairs of its owners.
True False

4. The accounting period in which service revenue is recognized (i.e., revenue for services rendered) is generally the period in which the cash is collected.
True False

5. Total assets are $70,000, total liabilities, $40,000 and contributed capital is $20,000; therefore, retained earnings are $15,000.
True False

6. The payment of a cash dividend to stockholders increases stockholders' equity.
True False

7. The accounting model for the balance sheet is: Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity.
True False

8. A decision maker who wants to understand a company's financial statements must carefully read the notes to the financial statements because the notes provide useful supplemental information.
True False

9. The financial statement that shows an entity's economic resources and its liabilities is the statement of cash flows.
True False

10. Companies prepare financial statements at the end of each year and more often as needed.
True False

11. A note payable is a borrowing instrument that generally does not involve the payment of interest.
True False

12. The amount of cash paid by a business for office utilities would be reported on the statement of cash flows as an operating activity.
True False

13. The income statement equation is Expenses - Revenues = Net Income.
True False

14. Generally accepted accounting principles almost never change once created.
True False

15. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an agency of the federal government that establishes generally accepted accounting principles for businesses.
True False

16. Since 2002, there has been substantial movement to develop international financial reporting standards.
True False

17. An audit guarantees that the financial statements are free of all misstatements.
True False

18. An auditor who fails to detect a material misstatement of a business's financial statements may be sued by anyone who suffered a loss from relying on the financial statements.
True False

19. In terms of economic importance, partnerships are the dominant form of organization in the U.S. because of their ease of formation.
True False

20. One of the advantages of a corporation when compared to a partnership is the limited liability of the owners.
True False

22. The Beta Corporation had 2009 revenues of $200,000, expenses of $140,000, and an income tax rate of 30 percent. Net income after taxes would be
A. $60,000.
B. $18,000.
C. $42,000.
D. $48,000.

23. Atlantic Corporation reported the following amounts at the end of the first year of operations: contributed capital $100,000; sales revenue $400,000; total assets $300,000; $20,000 dividends; and total liabilities $160,000. Retained earnings and total expenses would be
A. retained earnings $40,000 and expenses $340,000.
B. retained earnings $60,000 and expenses $320,000.
C. retained earnings $140,000 and expenses $240,000.
D. retained earnings $160,000 and expenses $220,000.

24. The financial statement that reports the financial position of a business is the
A. income statement.
B. balance sheet.
C. statement of cash flows.
D. footnotes to the financial statements.

25. Which of the following reports the cash inflows, cash outflows, and change in cash for period?
A. Income statement.
B. Balance sheet.
C. Statement of cash flows.
D. Auditor's report.

26. For a business, a supplier
A. is a company or individual that owns shares of the business.
B. is a company or individual to whom the business sells goods or services.
C. provides goods and services used by the business.
D. makes loans to the company to help finance its activities.

27. For a business, an example of an internal decision maker is
A. a loan officer at a bank.
B. a supplier who sells goods to the company on account.
C. one of the business's long-term customers.
D. one of the business's managers.

29. Accounting information developed primarily for internal decision makers is called
A. management accounting.
B. risk accounting.
C. auditing.
D. financial accounting.

30. What financial statement would you look at to determine the dividends declared by a business?
A. income statement.
B. statement of retained earnings.
C. statement of cash flows.
D. balance sheet.

31. Which of Chao's financial statements would you look at to determine whether Chao will be able to pay for the goods when payment is due in 30 days?
A. income statement.
B. balance sheet.
C. statement of retained earnings.
D. statement of cash flows.

32. Which of the following is not considered to be a liability?
A. accounts payable
B. notes payable
C. wages payable
D. cost of goods sold

33. A business's assets are
A. equal to liabilities minus stockholders' equity.
B. the economic resources of the business.
C. Reported at current cost.
D. Reported on the income statement.

34. Assets for a particular business might include
A. cash, accounts payable, and notes payable.
B. cash, retained earnings, and accounts receivable.
C. cash, accounts receivable, and inventory.
D. inventories, property and equipment, and contributed capital.

35. A business's balance sheet cannot be used to accurately predict what the business might be sold for because
A. it identifies all the revenues and expenses of the business.
B. assets are generally listed on the balance sheet at their historical cost, not their current value.
C. it gives the results of operations for the current period.
D. some of the assets and liabilities on the balance sheet may actually be those of another entity.

37. The accounting equation (balance sheet equation) is
A. Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' equity.
B. Assets + Stockholder's equity = Liabilities.
C. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' equity.
D. Revenues - Expenses = Net income.

38. Downard Bank, in deciding whether to make a loan to Rodney Company, would be
interested in the amount of liabilities Rodney has on its balance sheet because
A. the liabilities represent resources that could be used to repay the loan.
B. if Rodney already has many other obligations, it might not be able to repay the loan.
C. existing liabilities give an indication of how profitable Rodney has been in the past.
D. Downard would be interested in the amount of Rodney's assets but not the amount of liabilities.

39. The two categories of stockholders' equity usually found on the balance sheet of a corporation are
A. contributed capital and long-term liabilities.
B. contributed capital and property, plant, and equipment.
C. retained earnings and notes payable.
D. contributed capital and retained earnings.

41. The income statement equation is
A. Assets - Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity.
B. Assets + Stockholders' equity = Liabilities.
C. Net income = Revenues - Expenses.
D. Expenses - Net income = Revenues.

42. Most businesses earn revenues
A. when they collect accounts receivable.
B. through sales of goods or services to customers.
C. by borrowing money from a bank.
D. by selling shares of stock to stockholders.

43. Accounts receivable represents:
A. amounts which are owed to the company by its customers resulting from credit sales.
B. amounts which are owed by the company to its suppliers for past purchases.
C. amounts which have been borrowed to finance operations.
D. amounts which are due to stockholders.

44. Inventories
A. are an asset.
B. result from paying for a product that has now been sold to a customer.
C. will result in a liability being charged sometime in the future.
D. are an expense.

45. The amount of revenue recognized in the income statement by a company that sells goods to customers would be
A. the cash collected from customers during the current period.
B. total sales, both cash and credit sales, for the period.
C. total sales minus beginning amount of accounts receivable.
D. the amount of cash collected plus the beginning amount of accounts receivable.

46. On January 1, 2009 Mammoth Corporation had retained earnings of $4,000,000. During 2009, they reported net income of $750,000 and dividends of $100,000. What is the amount of Mammoth's retained earnings at the end of 2009?
A. $4,000,000
B. $4,450,000
C. $4,650,000
D. $4,850,000

48. On the statement of cash flows, an amount paid for utilities would be classified as
A. an operating activity.
B. an investing activity.
C. a financing activity.
D. a production activity.

50. The amount of insurance expense reported on the income statement is
A. the amount of cash paid for insurance in the current period.
B. the amount of cash paid for insurance in the current period less any unpaid insurance at the end of the period.
C. the amount of insurance used up (incurred) in the current period to help generate revenue.
D. an increase in net income.

51. What events cause changes in a corporation's retained earnings?
A. Net income or net loss and declaration of dividends.
B. Declaration of dividends and issuance of stock to new stockholders.
C. Net income, issuance of stock, and borrowing from a bank.
D. Declaration of dividends and purchase of new machinery.

52. The operating activities section is often believed to be the most important part of a statement of cash flows because
A. it gives the most information about how operations have been financed.
B. it shows the dividends that have been paid to stockholders.
C. it indicates a company's ability to generate cash from sales to meet current cash payments for goods or services.
D. it shows the net increase or decrease in cash during the period.

53. If you wanted to know what accounting rules a company follows related to its inventory, where would you look?
A. the balance sheet
B. the income statement
C. the notes to the financial statements
D. the headings to the financial statements

54. At the beginning of 2009, Buck Corporation had assets of $540,000 and liabilities of $320,000. During the year, assets increased by $50,000 and liabilities decreased by $10,000. What was the total amount of stockholders' equity at the end of 2009?
A. $220,000
B. $280,000
C. $380,000
D. $500,000

55. The term used for economic resources owned by an entity as a result of past transactions is
A. assets.
B. liabilities.
C. revenues.
D. retained earnings.

56. How are the differing claims of creditors and investors recognized by a corporation?
A. The claims of creditors are liabilities; those of investors are assets.
B. The claims of both creditors and investors are liabilities, but only the claims of investors are considered to be long term.
C. The claims of creditors are liabilities; the claims of investors are recorded as stockholders' equity.
D. The claims of creditors and investors are considered to be essentially equivalent.

57. In what order would the items on the balance sheet appear?
A. assets, retained earnings, liabilities, contributed capital
B. contributed capital, retained earnings, liabilities, assets
C. assets, liabilities, contributed capital, retained earnings
D. contributed capital, assets, liabilities, retained earnings

58. Which of the following would increase retained earnings?
A. an increase to an expense
B. an increase to a revenue
C. a cash dividend
D. issuance of additional common stock

59. The ending retained earnings balance of Juan's Mexican Restaurant chain increased by $3.2 million from the beginning of the year. The company had declared a dividend of $1.3 million during the year. What was the net income earned during the year?
A. $1.9 million
B. $3.2 million
C. $4.5 billion
D. There is not enough information given to determine net income.

60. Which of the following items is an expense?
A. Accounts Payable
B. Cost of Goods Sold
C. Accounts Receivable
D. Sales Revenue

61. Which of the following activities would cause investors to overpay for the acquisition of a company from its current owners?
A. Overstated accounts payable and understated inventory
B. Understated revenues and overstated expenses
C. Understated assets and overstated expenses
D. Overstated accounts payable and overstated inventory

62. The government regulatory agency that has the legal authority to prescribe financial reporting requirements for corporations that sell their securities to the public is the
A. FASB.
B. FTC.
C. SEC.
D. APB.

63. The part of the federal government that has broad powers to determine measurement rules for financial statements of public companies is
A. the Internal Revenue Service.
B. the Securities and Exchange Commission.
C. the General Accounting Office.
D. the Supreme Court.

65. The nature of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is important to large corporations because
A. a change in GAAP will not likely affect the selling price of the company's stock.
B. a change in GAAP will not likely affect the amount of bonuses paid to managers and employees.
C. a change in GAAP will not likely affect a corporation's competitive position.
D. a change in GAAP will likely affect a company's financial statements

66. The International Accounting Standards Board has worked to develop global accounting standards known as
A. generally accepted accounting principles.
B. globally accepted financial standards.
C. international financial reporting standards.
D. worldwide financial standards.

67. Which of the following statements is true about the price earnings (P/E) ratio?
A. It is a ratio of importance to creditors.
B. A high P/E ratio indicates investors have little confidence in the future earnings potential of the company.
C. The P/E ratio could be used to approximate the value investors would be willing to pay for the company's acquisition from existing owners.
D. The P/E ratio is of value is estimating future dividend payments.

68. Charlie Company bought Tolar Company for $2,000,000. If Tolar's income was understated by $10,000 and the P/E ratio is 5, how much should Charlie have paid for Tolar?
A. $2,000,000
B. $2,050,000
C. $1,950,000
D. $1,990,000

69. What is another name for the P/E ratio?
A. Price/earnings margin
B. Price/earnings multiple
C. Payment/equity margin
D. Payment/equity multiple

70. An examination of the financial statements of a business to ensure that they conform with generally accepted accounting principles is called
A. a certification.
B. an audit.
C. a verification.
D. a validation.

71. The purpose of an audit is to
A. prove the accuracy of an entity's financial statements.
B. lend credibility to an entity's financial statements.
C. endorse the quality of leadership that managers provide for a corporation.
D. establish that a corporation's stock is a sound investment.

72. Why do the managers of a corporation hire independent auditors?
A. To guarantee annual and quarterly financial statements.
B. To handle some personnel issues and problems.
C. To audit and report on the fairness of financial statement presentation.
D. To lobby the FASB for changes in generally accepted accounting principles.

73. The CPA's role in performing audits is important to our society because
A. auditors provide direct financial advice to potential investors.
B. auditors have the primary responsibility for the information contained in financial statements.
C. auditors issue reports on the accuracy of each financial transaction.
D. an audit of financial statements helps investors and others to know that they can rely on the information presented in the financial statements.

74. Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps taken by a corporation to ensure the accuracy of its records?
A. implementing a system of controls
B. hiring an independent auditor
C. hiring a financial analyst
D. forming a committee made up of board of directors' members to oversee the records

75. Which of the following groups has primary responsibility for the information contained in the financial statements?
A. the company's management
B. the company's auditor
C. the company's investors
D. the SEC

76. The private sector body recently given the primary responsibility to work out detailed auditing standards is called the:
A. FASB.
B. SEC.
C. PCAOB.
D. AICPA.

77. Which group maintains the professional code of ethics to which CPAs must adhere?
A. AICPA
B. FASB
C. AAA
D. FTC

79. Which of the following statements is true about a sole proprietorship?
A. The owner and the business are separate legal entities but not separate accounting entities.
B. The owner and the business are separate accounting entities but not separate legal entities.
C. the owner and the business are separate legal entities and separate accounting entities.
D. most large businesses in this country are organized as sole proprietorships.

80. For a business organized as a general partnership, which statement is true?
A. The owners and the business are separate legal entities.
B. Each partner is potentially responsible for the debts of the business.
C. Formation of a partnership requires getting a charter from the state of incorporation.
D. A partnership is not considered to be a separate accounting entity.

Chapter 01 Financial Statements and Business Decisions Answer Key

True / False Questions

1. Accounting is a system that collects and processes financial information about an organization and reports that information to decision makers.
TRUE

2. Assets on the balance sheet are recorded at market value or replacement cost.
FALSE
3. In accounting and reporting for a business entity, the accounting and reporting for the business must be kept separate from other economic affairs of its owners.
TRUE
4. The accounting period in which service revenue is recognized (i.e., revenue for services rendered) is generally the period in which the cash is collected.
FALSE
5. Total assets are $70,000, total liabilities, $40,000 and contributed capital is $20,000; therefore, retained earnings are $15,000.
FALSE
6. The payment of a cash dividend to stockholders increases stockholders' equity.
FALSE
7. The accounting model for the balance sheet is: Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity.
FALSE
8. A decision maker who wants to understand a company's financial statements must carefully read the notes to the financial statements because the notes provide useful supplemental information.
TRUE

9. The financial statement that shows an entity's economic resources and its liabilities is the statement of cash flows.
FALSE

10. Companies prepare financial statements at the end of each year and more often as needed.
TRUE

11. A note payable is a borrowing instrument that generally does not involve the payment of interest.
FALSE
12. The amount of cash paid by a business for office utilities would be reported on the statement of cash flows as an operating activity.
TRUE
13. The income statement equation is Expenses - Revenues = Net Income.
FALSE
14. Generally accepted accounting principles almost never change once created.
FALSE
15. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an agency of the federal government that establishes generally accepted accounting principles for businesses.
FALSE
16. Since 2002, there has been substantial movement to develop international financial reporting standards.
TRUE
17. An audit guarantees that the financial statements are free of all misstatements.
FALSE

18. An auditor who fails to detect a material misstatement of a business's financial statements may be sued by anyone who suffered a loss from relying on the financial statements.
TRUE

19. In terms of economic importance, partnerships are the dominant form of organization in the U.S. because of their ease of formation.
FALSE

20. One of the advantages of a corporation when compared to a partnership is the limited liability of the owners.
TRUE

Multiple Choice Questions

21. The primary purpose of the balance sheet is to
A. measure the net income of a business up to a particular point in time.
B. report the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows for the period.
C. report the financial position of the reporting entity at a particular point in time.
D. report the current value of the business.
22. The Beta Corporation had 2009 revenues of $200,000, expenses of $140,000, and an income tax rate of 30 percent. Net income after taxes would be
A. $60,000.
B. $18,000.
C. $42,000.
D. $48,000.

23. Atlantic Corporation reported the following amounts at the end of the first year of operations: contributed capital $100,000; sales revenue $400,000; total assets $300,000; $20,000 dividends; and total liabilities $160,000. Retained earnings and total expenses would be
A. retained earnings $40,000 and expenses $340,000.
B. retained earnings $60,000 and expenses $320,000.
C. retained earnings $140,000 and expenses $240,000.
D. retained earnings $160,000 and expenses $220,000.

24. The financial statement that reports the financial position of a business is the
A. income statement.
B. balance sheet.
C. statement of cash flows.
D. footnotes to the financial statements.
25. Which of the following reports the cash inflows, cash outflows, and change in cash for period?
A. Income statement.
B. Balance sheet.
C. Statement of cash flows.
D. Auditor's report.
26. For a business, a supplier
A. is a company or individual that owns shares of the business.
B. is a company or individual to whom the business sells goods or services.
C. provides goods and services used by the business.
D. makes loans to the company to help finance its activities.

28. Financial accounting
A. provides information primarily for external decision makers.
B. is required for corporations but probably would not be done by other business entities.
C. provides information primarily for the use of managers of the company.
D. has been practiced in this country for approximately the last 15 years.
29. Accounting information developed primarily for internal decision makers is called
A. management accounting.
B. risk accounting.
C. auditing.
D. financial accounting.

30. What financial statement would you look at to determine the dividends declared by a business?
A. income statement.
B. statement of retained earnings.
C. statement of cash flows.
D. balance sheet.

32. Which of the following is not considered to be a liability?
A. accounts payable
B. notes payable
C. wages payable
D. cost of goods sold
33. A business's assets are
A. equal to liabilities minus stockholders' equity.
B. the economic resources of the business.
C. Reported at current cost.
D. Reported on the income statement.

36. Liabilities and stockholders' equity are
A. sources of financing for economic resources.
B. economic resources used by a business entity.
C. increases in assets resulting from profitable operations.
D. shown on the income statement in calculating net income.
37. The accounting equation (balance sheet equation) is
A. Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' equity.
B. Assets + Stockholder's equity = Liabilities.
C. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' equity.
D. Revenues - Expenses = Net income.
38. Downard Bank, in deciding whether to make a loan to Rodney Company, would be
interested in the amount of liabilities Rodney has on its balance sheet because
A. the liabilities represent resources that could be used to repay the loan.
B. if Rodney already has many other obligations, it might not be able to repay the loan.
C. existing liabilities give an indication of how profitable Rodney has been in the past.
D. Downard would be interested in the amount of Rodney's assets but not the amount of liabilities.

40. Which financial statement for a business would you look at to determine the company's earnings performance during an accounting period?
A. balance sheet.
B. statement of retained earnings.
C. income statement.
D. statement of cash flows.
41. The income statement equation is
A. Assets - Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity.
B. Assets + Stockholders' equity = Liabilities.
C. Net income = Revenues - Expenses.
D. Expenses - Net income = Revenues.

44. Inventories
A. are an asset.
B. result from paying for a product that has now been sold to a customer.
C. will result in a liability being charged sometime in the future.
D. are an expense.

47. What are the categories of cash flows that appear on a statement of cash flows?
A. cash flows from investing, financing, and service activities
B. cash flows from operating, production, and internal activities
C. cash flows from financing, production, and growth activities
D. cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities
48. On the statement of cash flows, an amount paid for utilities would be classified as
A. an operating activity.
B. an investing activity.
C. a financing activity.
D. a production activity.

49. A company would report a net loss when
A. retained earnings decreased due to paying dividends to stockholders.
B. its assets decreased during an accounting period.
C. its liabilities increased during an accounting period.
D. its expenses exceeded its revenues for an accounting period.
50. The amount of insurance expense reported on the income statement is
A. the amount of cash paid for insurance in the current period.
B. the amount of cash paid for insurance in the current period less any unpaid insurance at the end of the period.
C. the amount of insurance used up (incurred) in the current period to help generate revenue.
D. an increase in net income.
51. What events cause changes in a corporation's retained earnings?
A. Net income or net loss and declaration of dividends.
B. Declaration of dividends and issuance of stock to new stockholders.
C. Net income, issuance of stock, and borrowing from a bank.
D. Declaration of dividends and purchase of new machinery.
52. The operating activities section is often believed to be the most important part of a statement of cash flows because
A. it gives the most information about how operations have been financed.
B. it shows the dividends that have been paid to stockholders.
C. it indicates a company's ability to generate cash from sales to meet current cash payments for goods or services.
D. it shows the net increase or decrease in cash during the period.
53. If you wanted to know what accounting rules a company follows related to its inventory, where would you look?
A. the balance sheet
B. the income statement
C. the notes to the financial statements
D. the headings to the financial statements

55. The term used for economic resources owned by an entity as a result of past transactions is
A. assets.
B. liabilities.
C. revenues.
D. retained earnings.

58. Which of the following would increase retained earnings?
A. an increase to an expense
B. an increase to a revenue
C. a cash dividend
D. issuance of additional common stock

60. Which of the following items is an expense?
A. Accounts Payable
B. Cost of Goods Sold
C. Accounts Receivable
D. Sales Revenue
61. Which of the following activities would cause investors to overpay for the acquisition of a company from its current owners?
A. Overstated accounts payable and understated inventory
B. Understated revenues and overstated expenses
C. Understated assets and overstated expenses
D. Overstated accounts payable and overstated inventory
62. The government regulatory agency that has the legal authority to prescribe financial reporting requirements for corporations that sell their securities to the public is the
A. FASB.
B. FTC.
C. SEC.
D. APB.

64. Identify the potential economic consequences of the public learning a company did not follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
A. It could increase the stock price of the company.
B. It could increase management and employee bonuses.
C. It could result in legal liability for the company.
D. It could increase a company's market share.
65. The nature of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is important to large corporations because
A. a change in GAAP will not likely affect the selling price of the company's stock.
B. a change in GAAP will not likely affect the amount of bonuses paid to managers and employees.
C. a change in GAAP will not likely affect a corporation's competitive position.
D. a change in GAAP will likely affect a company's financial statements

69. What is another name for the P/E ratio?
A. Price/earnings margin
B. Price/earnings multiple
C. Payment/equity margin
D. Payment/equity multiple
70. An examination of the financial statements of a business to ensure that they conform with generally accepted accounting principles is called
A. a certification.
B. an audit.
C. a verification.
D. a validation.

76. The private sector body recently given the primary responsibility to work out detailed auditing standards is called the:
A. FASB.
B. SEC.
C. PCAOB.
D. AICPA.

77. Which group maintains the professional code of ethics to which CPAs must adhere?
A. AICPA
B. FASB
C. AAA
D. FTC

78. One of the disadvantages of a corporation when compared to a partnership is that
A. the stockholders have limited liability.
B. the corporation is treated as a separate legal entity from the stockholders.
C. the corporation and its stockholders are subject to double taxation.
D. the corporation must account for the business's transactions separate and apart from those of the owners.
79. Which of the following statements is true about a sole proprietorship?
A. The owner and the business are separate legal entities but not separate accounting entities.
B. The owner and the business are separate accounting entities but not separate legal entities.
C. the owner and the business are separate legal entities and separate accounting entities.
D. most large businesses in this country are organized as sole proprietorships.
80. For a business organized as a general partnership, which statement is true?
A. The owners and the business are separate legal entities.
B. Each partner is potentially responsible for the debts of the business.
C. Formation of a partnership requires getting a charter from the state of incorporation.
D. A partnership is not considered to be a separate accounting entity.

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Financial Statements and Business Decisions

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