History of Argentine and Buenos Aires

The History of Argentine and Buenos Aires -
a short review about the last 500 years

1536                Petro de Mendoza, a Spanish conquistador, with 3000 soldiers, came
first time to South America and founded the city:
“Santa Maria de Buen Ayre”.
The Spanish forced the natives to supply the men. At first the natives fed the                  

soldiers, however, food ranged from barely for their own needs.
5 years later, the Spanish were marketed by the aborigines.
Also, hunger and disease forced them to return to Spain.

1581                The second city foundation was by Juan de Garay, also Spanish conquistador.
                        They called the city now "Ciudad de la Santisima Trinidad - y Puerta Santa                    

Maria de los Buenos Aires. (Buenos Aires = clean air)

                        During the next 200 years the small community lived from animal husbandry,                

smuggling and trafficking. The town and the whole area was organized and
managed from Peru. The whole South America was assumed from the
Viceroyalty of Peru (Lima).

1776 – 1810    In Spain there was instability. This led to easing of commercial provision.                       

Buenos Aires became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and got an open                    port on the Rio de la Plata.
The population grew and a brisk slave trade began. In Buenos Aires developed               

one of the largest slave markets developed, organized of Spanish, French and                 English.
The wars of succession (Spain and France) have been partly in
discharged area of Buenos Aires.
Short term was occupied Buenos Aires from England,
but by a militant defense of the "Gouchos" (rural) they had to capitulate.

1. armed citizens of Buenos Aires distributed the Spanish viceroy.
   
2. declaration of independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.
   The spiritual influences of the French Revolution were all extremely popular and Argentina identify with the republican sentiments and after the liberation of Spain. Therefore the national emblem bears the "Phrygian cap" (Jakobinermütze).
   
3. Population of Buenos Aires, 60,000

      1852          The city opens for European immigrants.

There are 838 267 immigrants from Italy
244 264 immigrants from Spain
120,706 immigrants from France
26,334 immigrants from Austria
21,831 immigrants from Germany and
                       17,520 immigrants from Switzerland

        1880        Buenos Aires is separated from the identically worded province and is the                      

capital of Argentina.

1890        Buenos Aires is the most important city in Latin America and has
661.ooo inhabitants.  

The capital of Argentina, is becoming one of the largest
Metropolitan areas in the South American continent and is considered one of                  

the greatest cultural centers.

1913                Buenos Aires gets the first subway line in Latin America and
                        Argentina prospered.
                        "Be rich as an Argentine" is a proverb and Argentina
                        is one of the richest countries in the world at that time.
                        The economic income secures the country through the global
                        livestock and grain trade. Argentina is one of the granary of the world.
                        The progress and the introduction of refrigerators
                        increased global meat trade and brings valuable foreign exchange.
                        Europe is suffering from the consequences of the first world war.

1919          A second major wave of immigration of European immigrants  begins.
                  The city hosts at this time about one-third of the total
                  population of Argentina.
                 Argentina consists of 23 provinces, the provincial towns remain small,
                 only Buenos Aires continues to grow.

1. Juan Peron becomes president, he introduces a first party system.
   His wife, “Evita”, never had a political mandate, but received by
   her charisma considerable political influence. She struggles led the
   Women's suffrage, and is opposed by the rich elite, the rural population they adored to this day.

1. allowed women to vote in Argentina.
   

1952          Evita Peron died, 33 years old and is revered as a national Patronien.
In art and culture she gets her position
(Musical “Evita” by Andrew Lloyd Webber, 1976)
and is also known in Europe and worshiped.

Juan Peron dies. His second wife, Isabel de Peron, take over the presidency.                   

However, she is politically too weak.

1976          The military junta under Jorge Rafael Videla crashes Isabela person.
Argentina gets one of the worst dictatorships on the South American continent.
30. 000 mostly young people disappear from student circles and are murdered.

    
1983            End of the military dictatorship because of the lost war in the Falkland Islands
                        (Malvinas).  Slow return to democratic structures.
                        Argentina has to deal at this time with many troubles, the "rich" prosperous
time is long past.

2001                                        Large currency crisis!
Overnight the banks close for many weeks.
                        The Argentine “Peso” was worth the same as the USD value only 25% now.
The middle class impoverished.
Nestor Kirchner takes over the presidency
and provides economic directions, however after a short time
                        be discarded. Good politic people will be replaced and   occupied with their                   

own politically like-minded people.
Nestor Kirchner removes the Amnesty laws. The leaders of the military                          

dictatorship come to court.

The state is deeply in debt, does not pay back its foreign debt.
and losing more and more the connection for credits from the World Bank.

2007                Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner takes over the presidency
the isolated situation hardly changes.

2011                Re-election from Christina Kirchner.
The Catholic Church has a poverty factor of over 30% from what
the government statistics say no. Manipulation of economic data and
Statistics are becoming commonplace. Argentina is
classified as economically and politically dangerous country.
The foreign Investment got return.
The political idea of ​​the President is even to remain autonomous, independent                

as possible from U.S. and Europe and is counting on the launch of the single                      

market. Many economic measures do not apply.
For more than a year of purchase is of
international currencies almost impossible. There are strong restrictions.
The inflation rate is about 28%, the unemployment rate of young people
increasing concern.

2012                The city of Buenos Aires is restored, and counts on tourism.
The historic city center is restored and embellished.
We have neighborhoods, that are not different from Rome or Paris and
Buenos Aires lives a strong European cultural.
The provinces lament a great lack of infrastructure facilities.
Suarez, outside of Buenos Aires is only an example of poor neighborhoods
that spread more and more.  Police and drug lords   arrange well.